The scientific term for the transformation of a liquid into a solid by cooling is freezing. During this process, the energy of the molecules in a liquid decreases as the temperature lowers, leading to the formation of a solid structure. Freezing is crucial in various environmental and biological processes, affecting the state of water in ecosystems and influencing survival strategies for different organisms. The freezing point of a substance is specific to its chemical properties, for water, it occurs at 0°C (32°F) under standard atmospheric conditions.