The scientific term for the study of the distribution of organisms is biogeography. This field examines how various species are spatially distributed across geographical areas and the factors influencing these patterns, such as climate, topography, and historical events like glaciation. Biogeography helps in understanding biodiversity and ecosystem dynamics, revealing how species adapt to their environments. Additionally, it informs conservation strategies, particularly in the context of habitat fragmentation, climate change, and the preservation of endangered species.