The scientific term for the process of speciation is speciation, which involves the evolutionary process through which new biological species arise. Speciation typically occurs as populations of a species become isolated, leading to genetic divergence due to natural selection, mutation, or genetic drift. There are various types of speciation, including allopatric, where geographic isolation occurs, and sympatric, where species evolve in the same geographic area. Understanding this process is critical for studying biodiversity and the evolutionary history of life on Earth.