The scientific term for the process of creating new species is speciation. This occurs when populations of a species become genetically isolated due to factors such as geographic barriers or behavioral differences. Over time, these populations undergo genetic divergence through processes like mutation, natural selection, and genetic drift. Eventually, these changes lead to reproductive isolation, preventing interbreeding between the diverging populations. Speciation contributes to biodiversity and drives evolutionary processes, shaping the complex web of life on Earth.