The scientific term for bacteria that thrive in extreme environments is extremophiles. These microorganisms have adapted to survive in conditions that are often inhospitable to most life forms, such as extreme temperatures, salinity, acidity, or pressure. Extremophiles are found in diverse habitats like hot springs, deep-sea vents, and salt flats. Studying these organisms provides insights into the limits of life on Earth and potential extraterrestrial life. They also have applications in biotechnology, such as enzyme production for industrial processes.