The scientific term for a sudden ecological change is a catastrophic event. This could include natural disasters like wildfires, floods, or volcanic eruptions, which can lead to dramatic shifts in ecosystems and species populations. Such events can result in widespread destruction or can create opportunities for succession and biodiversity. Understanding these events is crucial for conservation efforts and predicting potential environmental shifts. Researchers study the impacts of these changes to develop strategies to mitigate loss and encourage recovery within affected habitats.