The scientific study of the interactions among organisms and their environment is called ecology. This discipline explores how living organisms, including plants, animals, and microorganisms, interact with each other and their physical surroundings. Ecology considers various scales, from individual species to entire ecosystems, and examines processes such as energy flow, nutrient cycling, and the impact of human activities. Understanding ecological principles is essential for conservation efforts and sustainable resource management, as it provides insights into how to maintain biodiversity and ecosystem health in the face of environmental challenges.