The scientific study of human evolution is called paleoanthropology. This interdisciplinary field combines elements of anthropology, archaeology, and genetics to explore the origins and development of human species over time. Paleoanthropologists investigate fossil records, analyze ancient artifacts, and study genetic data to understand how early humans evolved and adapted to their environments. They also examine the evolutionary relationships between modern humans and other hominids, such as Neanderthals and Homo erectus. This research provides valuable insights into our species' history, migration patterns, and the biological and cultural changes that have shaped humanity.