The scientific study of how living organisms adapt to their environments is called evolutionary biology. This field examines the processes that drive adaptation and the mechanisms of natural selection, speciation, and the genetic changes in populations over time. Evolutionary biologists analyze both the genetic basis of adaptations and the ecological factors that influence them. Through research and observations, this discipline provides insights into how species evolve in response to environmental pressures, helping us understand biodiversity, species interactions, and the overall dynamics of life on Earth.