The scientific basis of the electric field lies in how charged particles interact. An electric field is a region around a charged particle where a force would be exerted on other charges. The strength and direction of the electric field are represented by electric field lines. It is quantified by measuring the force experienced by a positive test charge placed within the field, defined as the force per unit charge. This concept is fundamental to understanding electromagnetism and is described mathematically using Coulomb's law and the principle of superposition.