The science that deals with the physical structure of the Earth is known as Geology. It encompasses the study of rocks, minerals, and the processes that shape the planet, including plate tectonics, erosion, and volcanism. Geologists analyze the Earth's history, structure, and dynamic systems to understand its composition and the forces that influence its current state. Through various techniques such as sampling and radiometric dating, this field aims to unravel the complexities of our planet, contributing to our knowledge of natural resources and environmental changes.