Tolerance and resilience are critical traits in ecological systems, determining how species and ecosystems respond to environmental stressors. Tolerance refers to the ability of organisms to endure a range of conditions, while resilience pertains to an ecosystem’s capacity to recover from disturbances. Together, they influence biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. For instance, resilient ecosystems can bounce back after events like wildfires or floods, maintaining their ecological integrity. In contrast, systems lacking these qualities may collapse under stress, leading to loss of services such as pollination, nutrient cycling, and water purification.