The role of the pituitary gland in the hormone system is critical as it produces and secretes various hormones that regulate numerous physiological processes. Often termed the "master gland," it controls activities of other endocrine glands, including the thyroid and adrenal glands. Notable hormones produced include growth hormone, which influences growth and metabolism, and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), which stimulates cortisol production in the adrenal cortex. The pituitary gland also plays a key role in the reproductive system by secreting hormones that regulate menstrual cycles and sperm production.