The Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) plays a crucial role in protein synthesis within the cell. It consists of two types: the rough ER, which is studded with ribosomes and primarily involved in synthesizing and folding proteins, and the smooth ER, which is responsible for lipid synthesis and detoxification processes. Newly synthesized proteins are folded, modified, and packaged in the rough ER before being sent to the Golgi apparatus for further processing and distribution throughout the cell. This orchestration is essential for proper cellular function and organismal health.