The role of the alveoli in the respiratory system is crucial for gas exchange. These tiny, balloon-like structures in the lungs increase the surface area available for oxygen and carbon dioxide diffusion. During inhalation, oxygen from the air passes through the alveolar walls into the bloodstream, where it binds to hemoglobin in red blood cells. Simultaneously, carbon dioxide from the blood diffuses into the alveoli to be exhaled. The efficient functioning of alveoli is essential for maintaining proper oxygen levels in the body and removing waste gases.