Sensory neurons play a vital role in the nervous system by transmitting sensory information from peripheral sensory organs to the central nervous system (CNS). They detect various stimuli, such as light, sound, touch, and temperature, and convert these stimuli into electrical signals. These signals are critical for the perception of the environment and inform the body’s response to external situations. Once processed in the CNS, the information can lead to reflex actions or conscious responses, facilitating interaction with the surroundings and ensuring survival.