The role of ribonucleic acid (RNA) in protein synthesis is crucial as it acts as a messenger and facilitator in the process. Specifically, RNA is responsible for transcribing the genetic information contained in DNA to create messenger RNA (mRNA). This mRNA then travels to ribosomes, where it serves as a template for assembling amino acids into proteins, a process known as translation. Additionally, other forms of RNA, such as transfer RNA (tRNA) and ribosomal RNA (rRNA), play vital roles in ensuring accurate protein synthesis and function.