The role of phenotypic plasticity in adaptation is to enable organisms to modify their physical and physiological traits in response to changing environmental conditions. This adaptability allows for improved survival and reproductive success in varying habitats. For example, plants may change leaf size or shape to optimize light capture or water use depending on their surroundings. Phenotypic plasticity enhances a population's overall fitness, as individuals can better cope with challenges such as varying temperatures, resource availability, and predation pressure. This flexibility is crucial for survival in dynamic ecosystems.