Petroleum plays a crucial role in energy production by serving as a primary source of fuel for transportation, electricity, and heating. It undergoes refining to produce valuable products such as gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel. Additionally, petroleum derivatives contribute to the manufacture of various chemicals, plastics, and materials used in everyday life. Its extraction and consumption have significant economic implications and are a major factor in global energy policies. However, reliance on petroleum also raises concerns regarding environmental impacts and sustainability.