The role of microorganisms in soil fertility is vital, as they contribute to nutrient cycling, organic matter decomposition, and soil structure. Bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms break down complex organic materials, releasing essential nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus that plants require for growth. Additionally, certain microorganisms, like mycorrhizal fungi, form symbiotic relationships with plant roots, enhancing nutrient uptake and improving overall plant health. This biological activity promotes soil fertility, supporting agricultural productivity and ecosystem health. Monitoring microbial communities is essential for sustainable soil management and maintaining ecological balance.