The role of folic acid in cellular metabolism is crucial as it is a form of vitamin B9 essential for DNA synthesis, repair, and methylation. Folic acid serves as a coenzyme in the metabolism of amino acids and the formation of red blood cells. It plays a critical role in the cell cycle and is particularly important during periods of rapid cell division and growth, such as in pregnancy. Adequate folic acid levels prevent neural tube defects and support overall cellular health and function.