Climate models play a critical role in predicting future climate changes by simulating the Earth’s climate system and its interactions. These models utilize mathematical equations to represent physical processes, including atmospheric dynamics, ocean currents, and energy exchanges. By incorporating various scenarios of greenhouse gas emissions and land use, climate models offer projections of temperature, precipitation, and other climate variables. This helps policymakers and scientists understand potential impacts on ecosystems, agriculture, and human health, guiding effective adaptation and mitigation strategies.