The relationship between population density and resource availability is often characterized by the concept of carrying capacity, which refers to the maximum population size that an environment can sustain. As population density increases, the competition for limited resources like food, water, and shelter intensifies, which can lead to resource depletion. If resources become scarce, it may result in increased mortality, decreased reproduction, and ultimately, a population decline. Understanding this relationship is critical for conservation efforts, wildlife management, and urban planning as it helps predict and mitigate issues associated with overpopulation.