The relationship between pollution and biodiversity is often negative, as pollution can lead to habitat degradation, species decline, and loss of ecosystem functions. Contaminants such as heavy metals, plastics, and pesticides can cause direct harm to organisms and disrupt food webs. The decline in biodiversity due to pollution reduces ecosystem resilience, making it more challenging for ecosystems to recover from disturbances. Protecting biodiversity is essential for mitigating the impacts of pollution and maintaining healthy ecosystems.