The relationship between environmental pollution and public health is profound. Pollution, whether from air, water, or soil contaminants, poses significant risks to human health, contributing to a range of health issues, including respiratory diseases, cardiovascular problems, and neurological disorders. Vulnerable populations, such as children and the elderly, are particularly affected. Addressing environmental pollution through effective management and regulation can improve public health outcomes, reduce healthcare costs, and enhance overall quality of life. Thus, understanding this relationship is essential for creating healthier communities and protecting vulnerable populations.