The purpose of genetic mapping is to determine the location of genes on a chromosome. It involves creating a map that shows the distances between genes based on recombination frequencies, aiding researchers in understanding gene functions, inheritance patterns, and genetic disorders. Genetic mapping can facilitate the identification of genes associated with specific traits or diseases, thus playing a vital role in advancements in genetics, genomics, and plant and animal breeding. This information is crucial for improving crop yields and developing targeted therapies for genetic conditions.