The process through which organisms adapt to changes in their environment is known as evolution. This occurs over generations as populations undergo genetic changes through mechanisms such as natural selection, genetic drift, gene flow, and mutation. Adaptation enhances survival and reproductive success in changing conditions, allowing species to thrive in diverse environments. Understanding evolution is foundational to biology, providing insights into the development of biodiversity and the relationships among organisms. This knowledge is crucial for addressing conservation challenges and predicting ecological responses to environmental changes.