The process through which heat energy is transferred via conduction involves the direct transfer of thermal energy between particles through collisions. In conduction, heat flows from areas of higher temperature to areas of lower temperature, stabilizing the thermal equilibrium. This process occurs in solids where particles are closely packed, allowing efficient transfer of kinetic energy. Good conductors, like metals, have free electrons that facilitate this transfer, while insulators, such as wood or plastic, slow down the conduction process, preventing heat loss.