The process through which cells divide to form two identical daughter cells is known as mitosis. Mitosis is a type of cell division that ensures genetic material is equally distributed between the new cells, maintaining the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. This process includes several phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase, followed by cytokinesis, where the cytoplasm divides. Mitosis is crucial for growth, repair, and cellular reproduction in multicellular organisms.