The process of genetic recombination involves the exchange of genetic material between chromosomes during meiosis. This biological process results in new combinations of alleles, contributing to genetic diversity within a population. Genetic recombination occurs during the formation of gametes, which are sperm and egg cells, and it allows for the shuffling of genes inherited from both parents. This variation is essential for the mechanisms of evolution and natural selection, as it provides different combinations of traits that may enhance an organism's ability to adapt and survive in changing environments.