The process of creating a genetically modified organism (GMO) is referred to as genetic engineering. This involves manipulating an organism's DNA to introduce new traits or enhance existing ones. Techniques such as CRISPR and gene cloning are commonly used in this field. Genetic engineering has numerous applications, including agriculture, where it can produce crops resistant to pests, or in medicine, for developing gene therapies. Understanding the ethical implications and potential impacts of GMOs is essential in ongoing biotechnology discussions.