The process of converting light energy to chemical energy in plants is known as photosynthesis. During this process, plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. This occurs primarily in the chloroplasts of plant cells, where chlorophyll captures light energy. Photosynthesis plays a critical role in producing the organic matter that serves as the foundation for nearly all life forms on Earth. Additionally, it helps regulate atmospheric gases, making it vital for maintaining ecological balance.