The process where cells undergo growth and division is called cell cycle. This cycle comprises several phases: interphase (which includes G1, S, and G2 phases) and the actual cell division phase called mitosis (or meiosis in germ cells). In interphase, the cell grows, replicates its DNA, and prepares for division. Mitosis involves the separation of copied chromosomes, resulting in two identical daughter cells. Understanding the cell cycle is crucial for studying cellular development, cancer research, and genetic stability, as dysregulation of this cycle can lead to uncontrolled cell growth.