The role of tRNA (transfer RNA) in protein synthesis is critical. tRNA serves as a molecular adapter that translates the genetic code from messenger RNA (mRNA) into a specific sequence of amino acids, forming proteins. Each tRNA molecule carries a particular amino acid and recognizes corresponding codons on the mRNA through its anticodon. This process occurs in the ribosome, where tRNA facilitates the addition of amino acids to the growing polypeptide chain, ultimately contributing to the formation of functional proteins essential for cellular functions.