The process by which cells produce ATP from glucose is known as cellular respiration. This involves a series of metabolic pathways, starting with glycolysis, where glucose is broken down into pyruvate in the cytoplasm. The pyruvate then enters the Krebs cycle in the mitochondria, producing electron carriers like NADH and FADH2. These carriers then enter the electron transport chain, where ATP is generated through oxidative phosphorylation. Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor, allowing for efficient energy production. The overall process releases carbon dioxide and water as byproducts.