The primary source of renewable energy in ecosystems is solar energy, which drives the process of photosynthesis in plants. Through photosynthesis, plants convert sunlight into chemical energy stored in organic matter, forming the foundation of the food web. This energy then flows through trophic levels, supporting various organisms from herbivores to apex predators. In addition to solar energy, ecosystems also harness other renewable sources, such as wind and water energy, though solar remains predominant. Understanding these energy sources is crucial for sustainability and effective resource management within ecosystems.