The primary role of mitochondria in ATP production is to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through the process of cellular respiration. Mitochondria convert biochemical energy from nutrients, particularly glucose, into ATP, which serves as the main energy currency in cells. This occurs through oxidative phosphorylation and the citric acid cycle, where electron transport chains help produce ATP. Mitochondria are often referred to as the powerhouses of the cell due to their critical role in energy metabolism and overall cellular function.