The primary role of contaminants in shaping ecosystem health is their potential to disrupt ecological balance and harm living organisms. Chemicals such as heavy metals, pesticides, and plastics can accumulate in food webs, leading to diminished species populations and altered community dynamics. Contaminants can affect water quality, soil health, and biodiversity, posing risks to both wildlife and human health. Monitoring and regulating contaminants are essential for maintaining ecosystem integrity and protecting resources upon which communities rely, underscoring their critical role in conservation efforts.