The primary purpose of the adaptive immune system is to identify and eliminate specific pathogens, such as bacteria and viruses, while providing long-lasting immunity. It achieves this through the action of specialized cells like B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes, which recognize antigens on pathogens. Upon exposure to a specific antigen, the adaptive immune system mounts a tailored response that includes the production of antibodies and the generation of memory cells for future protection. This sophisticated response is crucial for defending against infections, enhancing the body’s ability to fend off future reinfections by the same pathogen.