The primary process of cellular metabolism is the conversion of nutrients into usable energy, primarily through cellular respiration. In this process, cells break down glucose and other organic molecules to produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which serves as the energy currency of the cell. Cellular metabolism also includes anabolic pathways that synthesize essential biomolecules and catabolic pathways that degrade waste products. This balance is crucial for maintaining cellular function, growth, and overall homeostasis within living organisms.