The primary pigment involved in capturing light energy for photosynthesis is chlorophyll. This green pigment is predominantly found in the chloroplasts of plant cells and plays a vital role in converting sunlight into chemical energy. Chlorophyll absorbs light most efficiently in the blue and red wavelengths, facilitating the conversion of carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. This process is fundamental to the survival of plants and provides the basis for energy in many ecosystems.