The primary method of energy transfer in ecosystems is through food chains and food webs. Energy originates from solar radiation, which is captured by producers such as plants during photosynthesis. This energy is then transferred to consumers (herbivores and carnivores) and subsequently to decomposers. The efficiency of energy transfer is often depicted as a trophic pyramid, with only a fraction of energy available at one level being passed to the next. This process underscores the interconnectedness of species and their roles in the biosphere.