The primary method by which animals communicate is through vocalizations, which can include sounds, signals, and even body language. Depending on the species, communication may involve innate behaviors and learned signals that convey information about territory, mating readiness, and social interactions. Additionally, non-verbal forms of communication such as gestures and chemical signals (pheromones) play crucial roles in establishing social hierarchies and facilitating cooperation. Effective communication among animals is vital for survival and enhances social structures within species.