The primary impact of overpopulation on urban ecosystems is increased pressure on natural resources, leading to environmental degradation. As urban areas grow, they often face challenges such as habitat loss, pollution, and increased demand for energy and water. This rapid expansion can result in the fragmentation of habitats, threatening local wildlife and reducing biodiversity. Furthermore, overpopulation can exacerbate challenges related to waste management and air quality, negatively affecting human health. Effective urban planning and sustainable development are essential to mitigate these impacts and protect urban biodiversity and ecosystem health.