The primary impact of industrial pollution on ecosystems includes the degradation of habitat, toxicity to organisms, and disruption of ecosystem functions. Pollutants such as heavy metals, chemicals, and particulates can introduce harmful substances into soil, water, and air, leading to a decline in biodiversity and species health. Aquatic systems may suffer from eutrophication due to nutrient runoff, creating dead zones where life cannot sustain itself. Over time, these changes can result in irreversible damage to the ecosystem, affecting food chains, and overall ecological balance.