The primary function of the pulmonary system is to facilitate the exchange of gases between the body and the environment. It enables the inhalation of oxygen and exhalation of carbon dioxide, which are crucial for cellular respiration and maintaining body homeostasis. The lungs are the main organs involved, with their alveoli providing a large surface area for gas exchange. Proper functioning of the pulmonary system is vital for overall health, as it supports metabolic processes and maintains acid-base balance in the blood.