The primary function of the immune system in recognizing pathogens is to identify and neutralize foreign invaders like bacteria, viruses, and parasites. It employs various components, such as white blood cells, antibodies, and signaling molecules, to detect specific markers called antigens found on these pathogens. Once identified, the immune system mounts a targeted response to eliminate the threat, which can involve the activation of T cells and the production of antibodies by B cells. This recognition and response process is vital for protecting the body from infections and maintaining overall health.