The primary function of earthworm activity in soil health is to improve soil structure and fertility through processes such as decomposition and nutrient cycling. Earthworms break down organic matter, increasing nutrient availability for plants and enhancing soil aeration and drainage. Their burrowing action creates channels that facilitate water infiltration, reducing erosion and enhancing moisture retention. Moreover, by promoting microbial activity, earthworms contribute to the overall health of the soil ecosystem. Thus, earthworm activity is essential for sustainable agricultural practices, ensuring productive soils that support robust plant growth and contribute to ecosystem sustainability.