Microbiology in ecology focuses on understanding the role of microorganisms within environmental systems. It explores how these microbial communities interact with plants, animals, and abiotic factors, affecting nutrient cycling, soil health, and overall ecosystem functioning. Microbial processes are vital in decomposition, nitrogen fixation, and even carbon sequestration, making microbiology essential for biodiversity conservation and environmental management strategies. This field provides insights into the resilience and stability of ecosystems, emphasizing the importance of microbial diversity in ecological outcomes.