The primary factor that influences ocean circulation patterns is solar heating. The uneven distribution of solar energy across the Earth’s surface results in temperature gradients, creating variations in water density. Warm water, which is less dense, rises and flows towards the poles, while colder, denser water sinks and moves toward the equator. Additionally, the Earth's rotation (Coriolis effect) also impacts ocean currents, causing them to curve rather than move in straight lines. As a result, these interactions create complex oceanic circulation systems that play significant roles in regulating global climate and marine ecosystems.